Peran Mediasi Adat Dayak Kanayat’n dalam Menyelesaikan Kasus Pencurian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63400/balj.v2i2.8Keywords:
Mediasi Adat, Dayak Kanayat'n, Pencurian, Keadilan Restoratif, Hukum AdatAbstract
Abstrak
Kasus pencurian di Indonesia terus meningkat dan menjadi tantangan bagi sistem peradilan pidana yang sering kali tidak mempertimbangkan aspek keadilan restoratif. Dalam masyarakat adat Dayak Kanayat’n, penyelesaian kasus pencurian tidak hanya mengandalkan sistem hukum negara, tetapi juga melalui mekanisme mediasi adat yang berorientasi pada pemulihan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran mediasi adat Dayak Kanayat’n dalam penyelesaian kasus pencurian serta efektivitasnya sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa di luar peradilan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-yuridis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, termasuk Musyawarah Adat Dayak Kanayat’n Tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pranata adat seperti Timanggong, Pasirah, dan Pangaraga berperan sebagai mediator yang tidak hanya memfasilitasi dialog antara pihak bersengketa, tetapi juga memiliki wewenang dalam menetapkan putusan berdasarkan hukum adat. Proses mediasi adat melibatkan tahapan pengaduan, pemanggilan, musyawarah mufakat, serta sumpah adat jika diperlukan. Sanksi adat yang diberikan bersifat simbolik dan bertujuan untuk mengembalikan keseimbangan sosial, berbeda dengan sistem peradilan pidana yang cenderung retributif. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada analisis mendalam terhadap integrasi mediasi adat dalam konsep keadilan restoratif, yang dapat menjadi model penyelesaian sengketa berbasis kearifan lokal. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam mengakui dan mengakomodasi hukum adat dalam sistem hukum nasional.
Abstract
Theft cases in Indonesia continue to rise, posing a challenge to the criminal justice system, which often does not take restorative justice aspects into account. In the Dayak Kanayat'n indigenous community, the resolution of theft cases does not rely solely on the state legal system but also on customary mediation mechanisms that are oriented toward social recovery. This study aims to analyze the role of Dayak Kanayat'n customary mediation in resolving theft cases and its effectiveness as an alternative dispute resolution method outside the state courts. The research method used is normative-juridical legal research with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials, including the 2010 Dayak Kanayat'n Customary Deliberation. The study's findings indicate that customary institutions such as Timanggong, Pasirah, and Pangaraga act as mediators who not only facilitate dialogue between disputing parties but also have the authority to render decisions based on customary law. The customary mediation process involves several stages, including complaints, summons, consensus deliberation, and, if necessary, a customary oath. The sanctions imposed under customary law are symbolic and aim to restore social balance, in contrast to the criminal justice system, which tends to be retributive. The novelty of this study lies in its in-depth analysis of the integration of customary mediation within the concept of restorative justice, offering a model for dispute resolution based on local wisdom. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in recognizing and incorporating customary law into the national legal system.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Agustinus Astono, Purwanto

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