Masalah Kompetensi, Independensi, Integritas, dan Imunitas Arbiter

Abstract

Abstrak
Arbitrase merupakan salah satu pilihan penyelesaian sengketa komersial yang memiliki berbagai keunggulan dibandingkan dengan litigasi di pengadilan. Berbagai keunggulan tersebut antara lain (1). Para pihak berdasarkan perjanjian tertulis memiliki kebebasan untuk menentukan pilihan : (a). forum arbitrase (institusional atau ad hoc), (b). pilihan hukum yang berlaku, (c). pilihan arbiter; (d). pilihan tempat penyelenggaraan arbitrase; (2). Arbiter yang dinilai kompeten dan memiliki pengalaman yang cukup sesuai dengan karakteristik sengketa; (3). Proses arbitrase dibatasi waktu tertentu; (4). proses arbitrase bersifat tertutup dan dirahasiakan; (5). putusan arbitrase bersifat final dan mengikat; (6). Putusan arbitrase dapat dimintakan eksekusinya melalui pengadilan. Untuk dapat memenuhi berbagai keunggulan tersebut, perlu ditumbuhkan kepercayaan yang kuat di kalangan pelaku bisnis, khususnya para pihak yang bersengketa, terhadap arbiter, lembaga arbitrase, dan proses arbitrase yang fair yang hal tersebut akan menentukan perkembangan arbitrase di masa kini dan masa mendatang. Etika bisnis dan itikad baik juga perlu dikembangkan, agar para pihak yang bersengketa bersedia secara sukarela melaksanakan putusan arbitrase.

Abstract
Arbitration is an option for resolving commercial disputes that has many advantages compared to litigation by the court. These advantages include (1). The parties based on the agreement have the freedom to make choices: (a). arbitration forum (institutional or ad hoc), (b). choice of applicable law, (c). choice of arbitrator (d). choice of seat for the arbitration to be held; (2). Arbitrators who are considered competent and have sufficient experience in accordance with the characteristics of the dispute, (3). Arbitration process is limited to a certain time, (4). arbitration process is private and confidential, (5). arbitral award is final and binding, (6). The arbitration award can be requested for its executabale through the court. To be able to fulfill these various advantages, it is necessary to grow strong trust among business people, especially the parties to the dispute, in arbitrators, arbitral institutions, and a fair arbitration process which will greatly determine the development of arbitration in the present and in the future. It is also necessary to cultivate business ethics and good faith so that the disputing parties are willing voluntarily to carry out the arbitral award.