Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Mediasi

Abstract

Abstrak
Mediasi merupakah salah satu bentuk Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) yang menawarkan kelebihan dibanding litigasi dan arbitrase dari sisi biaya, fleksibilitas, maupun waktu penyelesiaan. Namun, dalam praktik di Indonesia, media masih sering dipandang sebagai mekanisme formalitas yang dilalui para pihak sebelum memasuki forum ajudikatif. Meskipun telah diatur dalam sistem hukum positif sejak berlakunya Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan APS, pengaturan mediasi masih sangat terbatas dan belum mampu menjawab kebutuhan praktis di lapangan. Mediasi di pengadilan diatur melalui beberapa Peraturan Mahkamah Agung, termasuk Perma No. 1 tahun 2016 dan Perma No. 3 Tahun 2022, tetapi ruang lingkupnya hanya mencakup perkara perdata di pengadilan. Di luar itu, mekanisme mediasi masih minim basis regulasi. Dalam perkembangan global, mediasi semakin mendapat tempat sebagai instrumen penyelesaian sengketa yang kredibel, ditandai dengan disahkannya Singapore Convention on Mediation tahun 2019. Konvensi ini memberikan jaminan eksekutorial bagi kesepakatan hasil mediasi lintas negara, sehingga berperan penting dalam menciptakan iklim bisnis yang aman dan stabil. Bagi Indonesia, pembaruan hukum mediasi menjadi mendesak, baik melalui pembentukan UU Mediasi yang komprehensif maupun dengan meratifikasi Konvensi Mediasi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan argumentasi pembaruan regulasi mediasi di Indonesia melalui pembentukan UU Mediasi dan ratifikasi konvensi internasional agar mediasi dapat berfungsi optimal sebagai instrumen penyelesaian sengketa di era modern, baik nasional maupun internasional.

Abstract

Mediation is a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that offers advantages over litigation and arbitration in terms of cost, flexibility, and resolution time. However, in Indonesian practice, media is still often viewed as a formality mechanism that parties go through before entering an adjudicatory forum. Although it has been regulated in the positive legal system since the enactment of Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and APS, mediation regulations are still very limited and unable to meet practical needs in the field. Mediation in court is regulated by several Supreme Court Regulations, including Perma No. 1 of 2016 and Perma No. 3 of 2022, but their scope only covers civil cases in court. Beyond that, the mediation mechanism still lacks a regulatory basis. In global developments, mediation is increasingly gaining ground as a credible dispute resolution instrument, marked by the ratification of the Singapore Convention on Mediation in 2019. This convention provides enforceable guarantees for agreements resulting from cross-border mediation, thus playing a vital role in creating a safe and stable business climate. For Indonesia, reforming mediation law is urgent, both through the establishment of a comprehensive Mediation Law and by ratifying the Mediation Convention. This article aims to provide arguments for reforming mediation regulations in Indonesia through the establishment of a Mediation Law and the ratification of international conventions so that mediation can function optimally as a dispute resolution instrument in the modern era, both nationally and internationally.